Uil Concussion Training
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Definition of concussion.
pathophysiological process affecting brain function, including changes in brain metabolism.
Decorticate Posture
-arms flexed or bent inward -hands clenched in fist -legs extended with feet turned in
Decerebrate posture
-head back -arms extended -legs extended
Which lasts longer, anterograde or retrograde amnesia?
Retrograde amnesia lasts longer.
What is hyperacusis?
Hyperacusis is sensitivity to sound.
"In fact, evidence suggests that up to __% of athletes sustain a concussion of some magnitude, but will hide their symptoms."
50%
What is the inter school organization in Texas that allows public schools to have interscholastic competition?
The University Interscholastic League (UIL)
Who are the 4 individuals that can pull an athlete from play if they believe the athlete may have sustained a concussion?
1.) Team doc 2.) Coach 3.) AT or other appointed medical professional 4.) the parent or legal guardian
"Studies have shown that days _-_ are the most vulnerable time during recovery, which also means its important to let the brain rest."
days 3-5
"Girls take ___ than boys to recover."
longer
What medication is okay to give someone with a concussion?
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) (AKA paracetamol) *NSAID's should not be given.
(T/F) Athletes should not begin RTP protocol until they have been cleared by a physician.
This is (technically and legally) a true statement. The athlete must also have been asymptomatic for 24 hours.
What is the 6 step RTP protocol?
1.) Asymptomatic for 24 hours. 2.) Light aerobic activity (walking, cycling, less than 70% HR) = elevate HR 3.) Sport Specific exercise (skating and running drills allowed) = add movement 4.) Non-contact training drills (progress to more complex drills) = exercise, coordination, cognitive loading 5.) Full contact Practice (Normal training activities) = restore confidence and assess functional skills by coaching staff 6.) Return to play ALS NFR
Functions of the hippocampus (4)
1.) Memory 2.) Spatial navigation 3.) Inhibition 4.) Olfaction M.I.S.O. the hippo
What is explicit memory? And what two categories can it be further divided into?
Explicit memory is factual recall. It can be further divided into: 1.) semantic & 2.) episodic memory
What is semantic memory?
It is one of the two types of explicit recall. It is factual information that is independent of one's personal experience, such as vocabulary.
What is episodic memory?
It is one of the two types of explicit recall. It is specific to personal experiences and is stored observational information attached to specific events.
What is procedural memory?
Procedural memory includes unconscious memories and skills, such as riding a bike. These are more of the long-term memories.
What is the drug that must be administered immediately following second impact syndrome? And what does it do?
Mannitol is the drug that must be administered immediately, and it reduces intracranial pressure by decreasing extracellular fluid volume.
What is the portion of the brain that processes memory and emotional reactions?
The Amygdala
What happens to the brains tau proteins in someone who has CTE?
Their tau proteins start to clump together, which interrupts the signals ability to be passed along neurons. * This is because neurons only have one axon, so if it is damaged, they are kind of screwed.
What can be given to an athlete with a concussion who is having difficulty sleeping?
Melatonin -dietary supplement -naturally occurring endocrine hormone released by the pineal gland -regulates leptin levels -regulated by light Trazodone -serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor -anti-depressant, anti-anxiety, sleep inducing drug
What should not be given to an athlete with a concussion who is having difficulty sleeping?
Benzodiapines -psychoactive drugs that enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA, which decreases the excitability of neurons and produce sedative effects
What can be given to an athlete with a concussion who is suffering emotionally?
*This is what the book seems to indicate, but I would seriously consider talking with the team doc before recommending any type of psychoactive drugs for high school athletes.* -Sertaline (Zoloft) -Tricyclic antidepressants -SSRI's
What can be given to an athlete with a concussion who is suffering cognitively?
*This is what the book seems to indicate, but I would seriously consider talking with the team doc before recommending any type of psychoactive drugs for high school athletes.* -Methylphenidate (Ritalin) This treats attention deficits, and inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, causing their concentrations to increase. -Amantadine This improves glucose metabolism and is used to treat chronic fatigue.
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