Red Cross Bloodborne Pathogens Test

occupation safety and health administration

In 1991 they developed the bloodborne pathogen standards. they demonstrate occupational safety with regard to occupation exposure to bloodborne pathogens

any employee who has the opportunity to come in contact with blood or body fluids

annual classes/training

other potentially infectious material

disease causing microorganisms that may be present in human blood. they may be transmitted with any exposure to blood or OPIM

hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

needle sticks, lacerations, or splash is classified as an injury since it is usually the result of an instantaneous event or exposure

liver

yes-via immunization

none or weakness, fatique, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, fever, headache, and jaundice

yes-via blood test

MERCK and Smith-Kline

no

infects the immune system T4 cells (makes them less likely to prevent disease)

AIDS

night sweats, weight loss, fever, fatique, gland pain or swelling and joint pain

within 3 months

labeled-to that cross contamination is not possible

discard

most have done away with these but if you need to reuse place them clearly in a marked bag or container for transport

closable, puncture resistant, leak-proof, labeled and color coded

engineering controls, work practice controls, personal protective equipment, universal precautions

structural or mechanical devices that the company provides (handwashing areas, sharps containers, biohazard labels, red bag trash)

behaviors used when using the engineering controls (using protective equipment such as sharps containers)

equipment provided by the employer at no cost to the employee(gloves, face masks, aprons, gowns, goggles, shields, lead aprons)

a set of precautions designed to prevent transmission of HIV, hep b and other bloodborne pathogens when providing first aid or healthcare. under standard precautions, blood and certain body fluids of all patients are considered potentially infectious for HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens

practice of treating all body fluids as infections (muscus, urine, feces, and tears)(outdated practice)

work practice controls are behaviors that take advantage of engineering controls

if blood and/or OPIM come in contact with mucous membranes, non-intact skin or by handling or touching contaminated items or surfaces. they can also be transmitted by skin puncture wounds or cuts from contaminated sharps

atleast 1 week

when a pathogen is transmitted directly from an infected individual to you

when an inanimate object serves as a temporary reservoir for the infectious agent

when you are at work and you come in contact with blood or other OPIM

injury

STOP 1. clean the wound and seek treatment 2.document where and how the incident occurred 3. obtain testing for HIV and Hepatitis

the employer will have an occupation exposure plan in place for each employee

no PPE was used

treat it as it was infectious, and use something disposable like two pieces of cardboard to clean up the glass

immediately stop and clean up; must report!

bacteria and viruses that are present in blood and body fluids that can cause disease in humans

a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus that can be severe or fatal. Symptoms include flu like symptoms, fatigue, abdominal pains. Treatment is the Hepatitis B Vaccination. Mode of Transmission: Direct and Indirect Contact (blood, semen, vomit, saliva)

a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus that is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the USA and is the leading cause of liver transplant. Symptoms include fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. No vaccine is available for hepatitis C infections. Mode of Transmission: Direct and Indirect Contact (Blood, Saliva, Vomit, Semen)

is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV weakens the immune system and attacks white blood cells limiting the body's ability to fight infection Mode of Transmission: Direct and Indirect Contact (Blood, Saliva, Vomit, Semen, Vaginal Fluid, Breast Milk)

occurs when infected blood or body fluids from one person enters another person's body

occurs when a person touches an object that contains the blood or other body fluids of an infected person

inhaling infection through persons cough or sneeze (examples can be malaria and West Nile virus)

Body Substance Isolation

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 2. Good Hand Hygiene 3. Engineering Controls 4. Proper Equipment Cleaning 5. Spill Clean Up Procedures

1. Avoid contact with blood and other body fluids 2. Use CPR barriers when giving ventilations 3. Wear disposable Gloves

1. Do Not use gloves that are discolored, torn, or punctured 2. Do Not re-use gloves 3. Cover cuts, scrapes, or sores; Remove all jewelry 4. Avoid handling pens, combs, radios 4. Change gloves before providing care to different victims

Determine if the scene is safe for you, other lifeguards, EMS personnel, the victim, and any bystanders 1. Check for hazards that could be dangerous to you and/or victim 2. Determine what caused injury or nature of illness 3. Determine the number of injured or ill victims 4. Put on appropriate PPE

1. Check Victim for responsiveness 2. Check breathing and pulse 3. Scan for severe bleeding