Professor Messer Network Plus

a unit of transmission. a different group of data at different OSI layers. (TCP - Segment), (UDP - datagram)

Transmission Control Protocol.

User Datadram Protocol

connection-oriented, reliable delivery, flow control

connectionless, unreliable delivery, no flow conrol

Ports 0 - 1023

Ports 1024 - 65,535

Internet Control Message Protocol

text messaging for network devices, protocol carried by IP, devices can request and and reply to administrative request

tcp/23, login to devices remotly, in the clear communication

tcp/22, encrypted communication link, looks and acts the same as telnet

converts names to IP addresses

tcp/25, server to server email transfer, also used to send mail from device to a mail server

tcp/22, encypted using SSH, provides file system fuctionality, resuming interrupted transfers, remote file removal

tcp/20(active mode data), tcp21(control), transfers files between systems. authenticates with a username and password

udp/69, very simple fle transfer application, read files and write files, no authentication. not used on production systems

udp/67, udp/68, requires a DHCP server, dynamic/pooled IP addresses are assigned in real time from pool, each system is given a lease and must renew at set intervals, resevations are assgned

tcp/80(in the clear) and tcp/443(encrypted)

udp/161, gathers stats from network devices, version 1 - structured tables, in the clear. version 2 - data type enhancements, bulk transfers, still in the clear. version 3 - message intergrity, authentication, encryption

tcp/3389, share a desktop from remote location. client for windows, MacOS, linux, unix, iphone and others

udp/123, syncronizing the clocks

tcp/5060 and tcp/5061, setup and manage VoIP sessions(call, ring, hang up), video conferencing, instant messaging, file transfer

tcp/445, file sharing, printer sharing. also called CIFS

tcp/110, recieves emails from an email server. basic mail transfer functionality

tcp/143, includes management of email inbox from multiple clients

tcp/389, store and retrieve information in a network directory

tcp/636, a non-standard implementation of LDAP over SSL

tcp/1720, set up VoIP and manage sessions

Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model

signaling, cabling, connectors

"Switching Layer"data link control protocols, MAC address on ethernet

"Routing Layer" internet protocol(IP addresses) fragments frames to traverse differnt networks.

"post office layer" tcp and udp

communication management between devices. control protocols, tunneling protocols

apllicaion encryption, SSL/TLS. often combined with the application layer

the layer we can see, HTTP, FTP, DNS, POP3

48bits/ 6bytes long, displayed in hexadecimal. first half is OUI(manufacturer) second half is the serial number

cannot send and recieve data simultaneously

data can be sent and recieved at the same time.

traffic recieved on one interface is repeated to all other interfaces

forward or drop frames based on MAC address. constantly updating list of MAC addresses. builds list based on the source MAC address of incoming traffic

one station sending information to another station. send information between two systems(web surfing, file transfer)

one device send to everyone at once. not used in IPv6

one to many, delivery of information to intrested systems

maximum IP packet to transmit but not fragment

a group of devices int he same broadcast domain

a group of devices in the same broadcast domain, separated logically instead of physically

a single physical connection between switches, that is able to transmit multiple VLANs across the trunk. the standard is 802.1Q

IEEE standard 802.1D, to prevent loops in bridged (switched) networks

1.Blocking(not forwarding to prevent a loop). 2.Listening(not forwarding and cleaning the MAC table). 3.Learning(not forwarding and adding the MAC table).4. Forwarding(data passes through and is fully operational). 5.Disabled(administrator has turned off the port

802.1w, faster convergence(6 seconds). can work with 802.1D STP

speed - 10/100/1,000 duplex - half/full automatic and manual, both sides need to match

Demilitarized zone - an additional layer of security between the internet and you. allow people from outside the network to access certain resources, but prevents access to devices on the protected internal network

power provided on an ethernet cable

built-in power (endspans) in-line power injector (midspans)

IEEE 802.3af-2003 - 15.4 watts DC power, max current 350 mA

administratively define the routes manualy

routers send routes to other routers

exsiting as an independent entity. a connected group of one or more IP prefixes run by one or more network operators which has a SINGLE and CLEARLY DEFINED routing policy

used within a single autonomous system. not intended to route between AS

OSPFv3 (open shortest path first) RIPv2 (routing information protocol v2) EIGRP (enhanced interior gateway routing protocol)

OSPFv3 EIGRP for IPv6 RIPng (RIP next generation)

routing information protocol

open shortest path first

enhanced interior gateway routing protocol

used to route between autonomous systems

an exterior gateway protocol

how many HOPs away is another network

information passed between routers is related to the current connectivity. consider the speed, faster is better

link-state and distance-vector combined.

runs both ipv4 and IPv6 at the same time

send IPv6 over an existing ipv4 Network. creates and IPv6 address based on the ipv4 address. requires relay routers, no support for Nat

Network Address Translation

Tunnel ipv4 traffic on an IPv6 Network

tunnel IPv6 through NATed ipv4. end-to-end IPv6 through an ipv4 Network

A third-party software that provides Teredo service on UNIX and Linux systems.

automatically configure an IP address without a DHCP server

no duplicate IPs

control with bandwidth usage and data rates. set important applications to have higher priorities than other apps

OSI layer 2. ethernet frame header and an 802.1Q trunk. usually applied in the Intranet

OSI layer 3. QoS bits are an abled in the ipv4 header

A technique that uses a gateway that allows multiple devices to share a single IP address

1 - 126

128-191

192-223

A means of translation between ports on a public and private network. also known as Nat overload, for Source Nat.

A set of IF-THEN rules used to determine what to do with arriving packets

DSL, frame relay, cable modem, satellite, Wireless, mpls, sonet, ATM

networking devices that have two functional planes of operation. control plane, data plane

check OneNote

IP address 1 - 126

IP address 128 - 191

IP address 192 - 223

the first IP address of a subnet

one number higher then the network address

the last IP address of a subnet. set all host bits to 1 (255)

one number lower then the broadcast address

provides address blocks to Regional internet registries (RIR)

assign smaller subnet blocks to ISPs