Afi 91 201

AFMAN 91-201, Explosive Safety Standards TO 11a-1-33 Handling and Maintenance of Explosives Loaded Aircraft

Minimum number of people, minimum amount of explosives, minimum amount of time

AFI 91-202, Mishap Prevention

Knowledgeable of all hazards. Knows/conveys emergency procedures, strict housekeeping

Ideally each group is separated, compatible explosives may be combined. Not applicable between MSA and Flight Line

Small amounts of explosives. Outside MSA (egress, life support, SF). Approved by wing safety (licensed facilities not necessarily on the explosive site plan, lice displayed at facility, not based on quantity distance Commander approves local procedures. No H/D 1.1 allowed. No compatibility groups A, K, and L allowed. NOT BASED on Quantity Distance

H/D 1.1 - zero H/D 1.2.2 - 100 pounds H/D 1.3 - 100 pounds H/D 1.4 - Mission essential quantities. Local restrictions may be more limiting, turn in un-serviceable explosives ASAP

Very large amounts. Inside and outside MSA. Approved by DDESB. Explosives site planning is a process used to manage the risks associated with explosives activities to ensure the minimum risk to personnel, equipment, and assets, while meeting mission requirements. Area containing large amounts of explosives (identified in the ESP). Explosive site plan is submitted by wing safety. Based on quantity distance (QD). States max quantities of H/Ds stored

Explosive clear zones. Affects where real property can be built. Violations of QD require waiver at the SECAF Level and interim solutions.

Explosive limits - posted signs show authorized H/D and net explosive weight quantity distance (NEWQD) limits. Personnel Limits (supervisors, workers, casuals, visitors). Casual personnel are not normally part of explosive operation. Have duties which require their presence. Visitors are non-essential personnel with limited access. Stop operations when visitors are present.

No live ammo, aircraft gun systems empty, safed. Constant surveillance of visitors. Cannot touch or sit in external release systems, egress seats. Exempted items.

Handling and maintenance of explosives loaded aircraft

Egress components Authorized signals/flares Destructors installed in sensitive electronics Fire extinguisher cartridges Engine starter cartridges Small arms ammo for survival use Inert training munitions

They will be separated and will comply with QD. Parked in designated areas. Aircraft parking is based on H/D, NEW, and category of aircraft. Clearly identified by armament placards. Entries made in aircraft forms (entries made in 781a).

Parked in designated area Personnel accessing cockpit must meet AFI 21-101 guidelines Maintenance won't increase probability of fire, stores release, weapons launch/arming, functioning of explosives or munitions, create any other unsafe environment Armament systems must be electrically and mechanically safed before performing maintenance on the system requiring electrical power Certain maintenance actions require download of chaff, photoflash, flare, and decoy cartridges before starting

Munitions downloaded before hangaring Exception #1 - single explosives loaded aircraft inside a hardened aircraft shelter (HAS) is not considered in a hangar for maintenance purposes Exception #2 - Hail Storm

Pointing towards the barracks or pointing towards support equipment

Assures aircraft will remain operable if there is an explosion in an adjacent shelter or ready service storage facility

Refers to protection requirements from potential explosion site (PES) to different kinds of exposed sites (ES). Standards developed from explosive mishaps, tests, analyses. QD separations based on acceptable levels of damage between a PES and ES. QD separation not applicable in transport

Explosive quantity and distance separation (origins = 1965 Bien Hoa Disaaster). Provides defined types of protection. Distances are not absolute safe distances. Based on acceptable risk.

Location or facility that contains or is expected to contain explosives. Examples: igloo in MSA. Bomb build up pad in MSA. HAM on flight line.

24 inches. Rated for 500,000 pounds of explosives

Any permanent structure or utility (may or may not be related to the explosive handling mission) at risk from either blast or fire effects of a PES. Examples: AMU building or hangar. May or may not contain explosives.

Total weight of all explosive, propellant and pyrotechnic in one item. Total weight of weapon vs total weight of explosives (percentage). Used for transportation

Used to figure explosives sitting. Normally equal to or less than NEW.

Effects produced by functioning of H/D 1.2 items vary with weight and size. Separated into three subdivisions in order to account for the differences in magnitude of these effects for QD Criteria. H/D 1.2.1 is the most hazardous and requires special consideration.

Largest quantity of explosives expected to explode at one time when a stack is involved in a fire. When two stacks are too close together, they go off as one big stack. QD criteria allows for separate smaller explosions.

Protects facilities and personnel not directly related to explosive operations

Required to protect public traffic routes

Protect activities associated with explosives storage and operations

Between PESs to prevent one PES from simultaneously detonating an adjacent PES

All considered combat aircraft. Sited at Inter-magazine distance.

Munitions

Edge of the cargo hold

Protect against low and high speed fragments

Joint Hazard Classification System (JHCS).

Senior leadership IAW risk management principles